It extends on an area of the highest mountains of the Czech Republic and includes also a part of their foothills. The southern outskirts of that area and also the famous tourist centres belong to the protected zone of the national park.

The National Park extends on the most valuable area of the Šumava Mountains. In the outskirts of the Šumava National Park, a protected landscape area of the same name is located.

The České Švýcarsko national park includes the most valuable part of Labské pískovce (Elbe Sandstones), Jetřichovické stěny (Jetřichovice Walls) and the border area of Děčínské stěny (Decin Walls). To the south and the north-east, the national park is enclosed by the Labské Pískovce Protected Landscape Area, whereas to the east the Lužické hory (Lusatian Mountains) Protected Landscape Area lies adjacent to the park.

The national park is located along the central flow of the Dyje River between the towns of Znojmo and Vranov nad Dyjí, close to the border with Austria.